122 mm BM-21 Grad-series rockets (Russian Federation), Fuzes - Rocket fuzes

Development
Initial development work on the Soviet 122 mm artillery rockets commenced during the late 1940s to supplement and eventually to replace the Great Patriotic War era (1941-45) 82 mm and 132 mm Katyusha MRS from the mid-1950s onwards. The State Research and Production Association Splav at Tula was the main design bureau under the leadership of A Ganichev, with the final development being completed in 1963. The number of 122 mm MRS types developed gradually until, by 1964, the standard version had become the 122 mm BM-21 Grad ('hail') series with its 40-tube launcher array. The BM-21 Grad is carried on ZIL-131, Ural-375D or Ural-4320 6 × 6 trucks, although there have been many other types of vehicle and launcher combinations. These include the 122 mm BM-21V (Grad-V) 12-launcher system mounted on GAZ-66 (4 × 4) trucks and the 122 mm 9P132/BM-21-P man-portable single-tube launchers for use by special forces. The man-portable single-tube version launches the special shorter 122 mm 9M28/DKZ-B rockets, which can also be launched from standard multiple-tube launchers.The main producer of the 122 mm BM-21 Grad rocket series is Splav at Tula.In June 1996, it was announced that Celerg of France and Splav of Russia had completed joint designs for enhanced-range BM-21 Grad rockets. It was expected that the new designs would have a maximum range of 36,000 m, using composite propellants, and that they would feature increased accuracy. Little has been heard of this programme of late, although, in 2000 Splav announced a range of

Description
The base model of the BM-21 Grad 9K51 series of 122 mm rockets is the 9M22, a High-Explosive Fragmentation (HE frag) fin-stabilised rocket with a steel-tube body, an HE frag warhead in the pointed nose section and an electrically-ignited rocket motor in the tail. Stabilisation during flight is provided by four spring-out stabiliser vanes at the tail, mounted at an angle of 1° to the longitudinal. When fully open, the fins have a span of 226 mm.On the base model 122 mm 9M22, the warhead is the M-21-OF, containing 6.4 kg of TGAF explosive detonated by a 9A210 or an MPB Point-Detonating (PD) fuze, which is inertially armed only after travelling some 150 to 400 m from the launch point. Other types of warhead can be installed in place of the HE frag, including chemical (VX or GB nerve agent - see under Equivalent projectiles) HE-Incendiary and Smoke.The rocket motor consists of 20.5 kg of RSI-12M double-base solid propellant, although single-base propellants have been used in the past. The total weight of the 9M22 at launch is 66 kg.Lengths of the rockets vary between models. The basic 9M22 and the essentially similar 9M22M are 2.87 m long. The 122 mm 9M22U/DB-1B is 3.226 m long and is heavier, at 77.5 kg. All have a maximum range of about 20,750 m. With the basic 122 mm 9M22, two diameters of spoiler ring can be fitted over the nose to reduce range. The larger ring is fitted for ranges from 1,400

The complete article appears in the following publication:
Publication Title	Jane's Ammunition Handbook
Publication date	May 08, 2012
Section	Fuzes - Rocket fuzes
Publication synopsis	Jane's Ammunition Handbook is the authoritative reference guide for ammunition in service, in stock and under development. This comprehensive resource provides informed analysis of product developments and commercial history, as well as technical descriptions, specifications and illustrations for ease of recognition. With Jane's Ammunition Handbook, your procurement and research needs are also supported through the original manufacturers' details and expert reference tables to confidently confirm small arms identification.
Key contents include	Small arms Projected grenades Riot Control Cannon Tank and Anti-Tank Naval and Coast Defence Mortars Field Artillery and Rockets Fuses Cartridge Identification Tables
Different sections provide in-depth detail covering	Analysis Artillery Rockets Cannon Cannon - 20 To 30 Mm Cannon Cannon - 35 To 57 Mm Cannon Contractors Field Artillery Fuzes - Artillery Fuzes Fuzes - Mortar Fuzes - Impact Fuzes Fuzes - Mortar Fuzes - Introduction Fuzes - Mortar Fuzes - Proximity Fuzes Fuzes - Mortar Fuzes - Time Fuzes Fuzes - Rocket Fuzes Glossary Identification Of Small Arms Ammunition Identification Of Small Arms Ammunition - Bullet Colour Codes Identification Of Small Arms Ammunition - Cartridge Headstamps Modular Propellant Charge Systems Mortars - 100 Mm Mortars Mortars - 107 Mm Mortars Mortars - 120 Mm Mortars Mortars - 160 Mm Mortars Mortars - 240 Mm Mortars Mortars - 50 Mm Mortars Mortars - 51 Mm Mortars Mortars - 52 Mm Mortars Mortars - 60 Mm Mortars Mortars - 81 Mm Mortars Mortars - 82 Mm Mortars Mortars - 98 Mm Mortars Naval And Coastal Defence Guns Projected Grenades - Fin-Stabilised Grenades - He And Heat Grenades Projected Grenades - Fin-Stabilised Grenades - Other Grenades Projected Grenades - Spin-Stabilised Grenades - 40 Mm High-Explosive Grenades Projected Grenades - Spin-Stabilised Grenades - 40 Mm Pyrotechnic Grenades Projected Grenades - Spin-Stabilised Grenades - 40 Mm Riot Control Grenades - Impact Projected Grenades - Spin-Stabilised Grenades - 40 Mm Riot Control Grenades - Irritant Projected Grenades - Spin-Stabilised Grenades - 40 Mm Screening Smoke Grenades Projected Grenades - Spin-Stabilised Grenades - 40 Mm Target Practice Grenades Projected Grenades - Spin-Stabilised Grenades - Introduction Projected Grenades - Spin-Stabilised Grenades - Less Than 40 Mm Grenades Riot Control Ammunition Riot Control Ammunition - 37/38 Mm Rounds Riot Control Ammunition - 40 Mm Rounds Riot Control Ammunition - Combined And Miscellaneous Rounds Riot Control Ammunition - Shotgun Rounds Small Arms - Pistols, Smgs And Pdws Small Arms - Rifles And Mgs Small Arms - Shotguns Small Arms - Special-Purpose And Other Weapons Tank And Anti-Tank Guns

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