Jane’s Electro-Optic Systems

From insightful market analysis and industry overviews to the critical specifications and capabilities of the systems in development and in use, Jane's Electro-Optic Systems is a vital resource for understanding the ramifications of the systems being used by your allies and your adversaries.

Content Structure
Jane’s Electro-Optic Systems provides information on naval, land and airborne military electro-optic systems or systems with electro-optic elements. These electro-optic elements include either infra-red, thermal imaging, image intensifying or laser technology. Systems included are either in production, in service or under development.

Structure
Jane’s Electro-Optic Systems is generally organised in terms of the main application of the equipment and is divided into four main sections:

1. Naval Systems
2. Land Systems
3. Airborne Systems
   Each of these three application sections is further divided into subsections, broadly on missiles, countermeasures, weapon control and observation and surveillance. This, like any classification system, has its limitations. Some systems have more than one application and could be put in several different subsections. Certain thermal imagers/infrared detectors, for example, may be used on a variety of platforms. Where this is the case, they have normally been assigned to the land section, since this is considered the main area of use. Some systems do not conveniently fall into any category and rather than have a ‘Miscellaneous’ section, they have been placed in the section with the closest correspondence in terms of application. The aim has been to keep the classification as simple as possible while being meaningful in terms of operational use.
4. Key Technologies for Electro-Optic Systems - this section includes key system building blocks which do not readily fit into either the Naval, Land or Airborne systems section. This section is subdivided into infrared detectors and coolers, thermal imager modules, video trackers and antidetection systems. At the beginning of the application and technology sections is a summary providing a brief explanation of the types of systems to be included in each subsection. In addition to the main text, Jane’s Electro-Optic Systems includes two indexes: an alphabetical systems index and a manufacturer’s index that correlates entries to manufacturers, listed alphabetically by manufacturer. There is also a list of contractors including address, telephone, fax numbers and e-mail addresses.

Record title

Entries are structured as follows:

• Title
• Development - contains information on the development history,
• Description - contains information on the application and technical details of the system.
• Specifications - lists the main technical and performance parameters.
• Status - contains information on the development/production/sales/service status of the system.
• Contractor - lists the prime contractor(s).

Images
Photographs are provided for each piece of equipment wherever possible. Line drawings and graphics are also provided in some cases. Images are annotated with a seven digit number which uniquely identifies them in Jane’s image database.

Sections

• Airborne systems - air-launched missiles - air-to-air guns
• Airborne systems - air-launched missiles - air-to-air missiles
• Airborne systems - air-launched missiles - air-to-surface missiles and munitions
• Airborne systems - electro-optic countermeasures - electronic countermeasures
• Airborne systems - electro-optic countermeasures - laser warners
• Airborne systems - electro-optic countermeasures - missile warners
• Airborne systems - flight aids - communications and beacons
• Airborne systems - flight aids - laser systems
• Airborne systems - flight aids - pilot's goggles and integrated helmets
• Airborne systems - flight aids - pilot's thermal imagers
• Airborne systems - ground attack - integrated systems - fixed-wing
• Airborne systems - ground attack - integrated systems - helicopter
• Airborne systems - ground attack - laser rangefinders
• Airborne systems - ground attack - targeting sights
• Airborne systems - observation and surveillance - air interception
• Airborne systems - observation and surveillance - maritime sensors
• Airborne systems - observation and surveillance - reconnaissance systems
• Airborne systems - observation and surveillance - sensor turrets
• Airborne systems - observation and surveillance - space-based sensors
• Airborne systems - observation and surveillance - thermal imagers
• Airborne systems - observation and surveillance - unmanned aerial vehicle sensors
• Analysis
• Contractors
• Glossary
• Key technologies for electro-optic systems - anti-detection devices
• Key technologies for electro-optic systems - directed-energy weapons
• Key technologies for electro-optic systems - infrared detectors and coolers
• Key technologies for electro-optic systems - thermal imager modules
• Key technologies for electro-optic systems - video trackers for military applications
• Land systems
• Land systems - air defence - missiles
• Land systems - air defence - sights
• Land systems - air defence guns - static and towed
• Land systems - air defence guns - static and towed sights
• Land systems - air defence guns - vehicle sights
• Land systems - air defence guns - vehicles
• Land systems - air defence missiles - portable
• Land systems - air defence missiles - static and towed
• Land systems - air defence missiles - static and towed sights
• Land systems - air defence missiles - vehicles
• Land systems - anti-armour missiles and munitions - portable
• Land systems - anti-armour missiles and munitions - portable sights
• Land systems - anti-armour missiles and munitions - vehicle sights
• Land systems - anti-armour missiles and munitions - vehicles
• Land systems - anti-tank guided weapons (atgw) - missiles
• Land systems - anti-tank guided weapons (atgw) - sights
• Land systems - armoured fighting vehicles - commander's and gunner's sights
• Land systems - armoured fighting vehicles - driver's sights
• Land systems - armoured fighting vehicles - fire control
• Land systems - armoured fighting vehicles - vehicle turrets
• Land systems - electro-optic countermeasures - electronic countermeasures
• Land systems - electro-optic countermeasures - laser warners
• Land systems - infantry weapon sights - illuminating
• Land systems - infantry weapon sights - image-intensified
• Land systems - infantry weapon sights - passive
• Land systems - infantry weapon sights - passive - crew-served weapons
• Land systems - infantry weapon sights - passive - personal weapons
• Land systems - infantry weapon sights - thermal
• Land systems - observation and surveillance - air defence sensors
• Land systems - observation and surveillance - area/perimeter surveillance
• Land systems - observation and surveillance - forward observation
• Land systems - observation and surveillance - image intensifier binoculars
• Land systems - observation and surveillance - image intensifier cameras
• Land systems - observation and surveillance - image intensifier goggles (nvgs)
• Land systems - observation and surveillance - image intensifier monoculars
• Land systems - observation and surveillance - infrared imagers
• Land systems - observation and surveillance - laser rangefinders
• Naval systems
• Naval systems - ship close-in weapon systems - guns
• Naval systems - ship close-in weapon systems - surface-to-air missiles/guns
• Naval systems - ship countermeasure systems - laser warning systems
• Naval systems - ship weapon control systems - fire control
• Naval systems - ship weapon control systems - infrared search and track
• Naval systems - ship weapon control systems - surveillance
• Naval systems - ship weapon control systems - thermal imagers
• Naval systems - ship-launched missiles - surface-to-air missiles
• Naval systems - ship-launched missiles - surface-to-surface missiles
• Naval systems - submarine weapon control systems - optronic masts
• Naval systems - submarine weapon control systems - periscopes

Commonly Used Terms
A component that detects radiation by the effect of light in generating an electrical signal, A cooling technique which exploits the 'Peltier Effect' by which current flowing across a junction between two dissimilar materials causing one material to heat while the other cools, A thin film of material applied to an optical surface to reduce the reflectivity and increase the transmission of radiation through the surface, Above Ground Level (height of an aircraft), Airborne Early Warning (aircraft), Air-to-Air Missile, Alternating Current, An instrument for weapon delivery applications, the laser illuminates the target with a coded signal. The attacking missile launched from a platform which can be some distance from the designator, has a laser sensor which detects the reflected code signal from the target and provides the homing signal to guide the missile to the target, An instrument to measure the range of a target, Anti-Air Warfare, Anti-Aircraft, Anti-Submarine Warfare, Anti-Surface Warfare, Anti-Tactical Ballistic Missile, Anti-Tank Guided Missile (almost synonymous with ATGW), Anti-Tank Guided Weapon, Area Radar Prediction Analysis, Armoured Fighting Vehicle, Armoured Personnel Carrier, Armour-Piercing (ammunition), Armour-Piercing Discarding Sabot (ammunition), Armour-Piercing Fin-Stabilised Discarding Sabot (ammunition), Automatic Brightness Control (for image intensifiers), Automatic Command to Line of Sight (guidance mode of a missile), Automatic Gain Control, Avalanche Photodiode (provides higher gain than PIN diode detector; often used in LRF receivers), Beryllium Oxide (see Materials section), Built-In Test, Built-In Test Equipment, Cadmium Mercury Telluride, a commonly used IR detector material, also known as MCT. (see Materials section), Cannon-Launched Guided Projectile, Cathode Ray Tube (display), Charge Coupled Device (solid-state TV imaging detector chip), Circular Error Probability (a measure of the accuracy of bomb or missile targeting), Close Air Support, Closed-Circuit TV, Close-In Weapons System, Command and Control, Command and Information Centre (on a ship), Command to Line of Sight (guidance mode of a missile), Command, Control, Communications and Intelligence, Command, Control, Communications, Computers and Intelligence, Commercial Off-The-Shelf, Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor, Continuous Wave, Defensive Aids Sub-System, Defensive Aids Suite or System, Diesel-electric powered submarine, Direct Current, Directed/Directional InfraRed CounterMeasure, Direction Finding, Dual FoV (Field-of-View), Effective Focal Length, ElectroMagnetic Compatibility, Electromagnetic Immunity, Electronic Counter CounterMeasure (capability to resist ECM), Electronic CounterMeasure, Electronic Support Measures, Electronic Warfare, electro-optic(al), Engineering and Manufacturing Development, EO Counter CounterMeasure (capability to resist EOCM), EO CounterMeasure, Erbium:Glass (see Materials section), Explosive Ordnance Disposal, Explosive Reactive Armour, Explosively Formed Projectile (type of missile warhead), Far InfraRed (the 15 to 1,000 µm band), Fast Attack Craft, Fast Fourier Transform, Fibre Optic (sometimes used in the form of a twister to invert an image, or as a taper to couple an image intensifier to a CCD camera), Fibre-Distributed Data Interface, Field-of-View, Figure of Merit - a US II tube specification used to qualify exportability, calculated on resolution (line pairs per millimetre) × signal-to-noise ratio, Fire-Control System, Focal Plane Array (as opposed to a scanned array), Forward Air Controller, Forward Looking InfraRed (typically a fixed-direction narrow-FOV system, with a display for the user), Fraction of energy absorbed per unit pathlength, Frequency Modulation, Gallium Arsenide (see Materials section), Germanium (see Materials section), Global Positioning System, Ground Sampled Distance, Head-Up Display, Helmet-Mounted Display, Helmet-Mounted Sight (also Her Majesty's Ship), High- (or Hyper) Velocity Missile, High-Energy (warhead explosive), High-Energy Anti-Tank (ammunition), High-Energy Laser, High-Explosive Squash Head (ammunition), High-Frequency, Holographic Optical Element, Horizontal (referring to FoV), Image intensifier(d), Imaging IR (as distinct from earlier generation scanned IR systems), Improvised Explosive Device, Indium Antimonide (see Materials section), Indium Gallium Arsenide (see Materials section), Inertial Navigation System, Infantry Combat Vehicle, Infantry Fighting Vehicle, InfraRed, InfraRed CCD, Integrated Detector/Cooler Assembly, Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance, Intelligence, Surveillance, Targeting, Acquisition and Reconnaissance, Intensified CCD (CCD TV camera with image intensifying stage), Interrogation Friend or Foe, IR Counter Countermeasure (capability to resist IRCM), IR Countermeasure, IR Focal Plane Array, IR Line Scan, IR Search-and-Track (differs from FLIR in that the FoV is mechanically steerable in the direction of choice, the primary destination of the image information is a computer rather than a display screen and autotracking functions are built in). Also IR Stare-and-Track, where a staring array, rather than a scanning array, is used., Joule Thomson (cooler for IR detector). A cooling technique which uses the expansion of High-pressure gas. By forcing the gas, usually nitrogen or argon, through a narrow nozzle, the gas expands and absorbs heat causing its surroundings to cool, Kinetic Energy (of a munition or weapon), Large Aircraft InfraRed CounterMeasure, Laser Rangefinder, Laser Spot Tracker, Laser Target Designator, Laser Warning Receiver/System, Lead Scandium Tantalate (see Materials section), Lead Selenide (see Materials section), Light Armoured Vehicle, Light Emitting Diode, Line Replaceable Unit, Line-of-Sight, Liquid Crystal Display, Liquid Phase Epitaxy (method of manufacturing IR detectors), Lithium Fluoride (see Materials section), Lithium Niobate (see Materials section), Lithium Tantalate (see Materials section), Local Area Network, Lock-On After Launch, Lock-On Before Launch, Long Range Oblique Photographic, Long-Wave IR (the 8 to 12 µm band - sometimes stretching to 15 µm), Low-Level Air Defence System, Low-Light Level TV, Main Battle Tank, Man/Machine Interface, Man-Portable Air Defence System, Manual CLOS (guidance mode of a missile), Mean Time Between Failures, Mean Time To Repair, Mercury Cadmium Telluride (HgCdTe) - see, also, CMT and the Materials section, Metal Organic Vapour Phase Deposition (method of manufacturing IR detectors), MicroChannel Plate, Mid-Life Update, Mid-Wave IR (the 3 to 5 µm band - sometimes stretching to 8 µm), Mine CounterMeasures (ship), Minimum Resolvable Temperature Difference (a subjective measure of the thermal contrast sensitivity of an IR system including its display, usually quoted in °C or K at a given image resolution expressed in lp/mrad)., Molecular Beam Epitaxy. The deposition of one or more pure materials onto a single crystal wafer, one layer of atoms at a time, under ultra-high vacuum, forming a perfect crystal., Moving Target Indication, Narrow Field-of-View (for system having more than one FoV), National Imagery Interpretation Rating Scale (US), Naval Gunfire Support, Near Infrared Camera, Near IR (the 0.7 to 1.4 µm band), Neodymium:Glass (see Materials section), Neodymium:Potassium Gadolinium Tungstate (see Materials section), Neodymium:Yttrium Aluminium Garnet (see Materials section), Night Vision Binocular, Night Vision Goggle, Noise Equivalent Irradiance, Noise Equivalent Temperature Difference (differs from MRTD, in that it is a measure of contrast sensitivity defined as equivalent to the electronic noise level of the receiver), Non Line-of-Sight, Non-Developmental Item, Nuclear, Biological and Chemical, Optical Parametric Oscillator (non-linear crystal, for example KTP, used for shifting laser wavelength), Organic Light-Emitting Diode, Original Equipment Manufacturer, Overfly Top-Attack (anti-armour missile attack mode), Panoramic NVG (or WFoV NVG), Passive IR, Personal Computer, Photoconductive (mode of operation of a photodetector), Photodiode Array, Photovoltaic (mode of operation of a photodetector), Plan Position Indicator (radar display), Positive-Intrinsic-Negative (type of semiconductor photodiode structure), Potassium Titanate Phosphate (see Materials section), Precision Guided Munition (often SAL guided), Proportional Navigation (guidance mode of a missile), Pulse Repetition Frequency, Quantum Well Infrared Photodetector, Radar Cross Section, Radar Frequency, Radar Warning Receiver, Radar-Absorbing Material, Read-Out Integrated Circuit, Region of Interest (within an optical window), Remotely Piloted Vehicle (see also UAV), Rolled Homogeneous Armour, Root Mean Square, see note below on video standards, Self-Propelled, Self-Propelled Anti-Aircraft Gun, Self-Propelled Gun, Self-Propelled Howitzer, Semi-Active Laser (missile guidance using laser designation), Semi-Automatic CLOS (guidance mode of a missile), Sensor Fused Weapon, Shop Replaceable Unit, Short-Wave IR (the 1.4 to 3 µm band), Signal Processing In The Element (a proprietary technique performing on-chip signal integration in a scanned IR detector), Single Lens Reflex (camera), Single-Shot Kill Probability, Standard Positioning Service (relating to GPS), Submarine (attack, nuclear powered), Submarine (ballistic missile, nuclear powered), Submarine (land-attack, special forces, nuclear powered), Surface-to-Air Missile, Synthetic Aperture Radar. (Also Search-And-Rescue), System Design and Development (equivalent to EMD), Tactical Ballistic Missile, Television, The angle between the line of sight and the horizontal plane, The bending of light beams away from each other, for example by a lens, The generations of image intensifiers used in NVG. Earliest electrostatically focused Gen 1 tubes had low gain. Gen 2 introduced MCP for much higher gain; Gen 3 introduced improved 3-V (GaAs) photocathodes. A confusing variety of proprietary names are also used such as SuperGen and Gen 2 Super, The ratio of the focal length of a lens to its diameter, Thermal Imager/Imaging, Thermal Imaging Common Module, Thermal Imaging System, Time Delay and Integration, Time of Flight, Transporter-Erector-Launcher (for TBM), Travelling Wave Tube, TV Lines (a measure of image resolution), Ultra-High Frequency, Ultra-violet (wavelengths shorter than 400 nm), Universal Transverse Mercator, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, Vanadium Oxide (see Materials section), Vertical (referring to FoV), Very High Frequency, Very Large Scale Integration (of electronic circuits), Video Cassette Recorder, Weapon Replaceable Assembly (US term for LRU qv), When light is scattered through a transparent material, part of the light is scattered in all directions. The frequency of much of the scattered light is identical to the frequency of the incident beam. A part of the scattered light has frequencies different from the frequency of the incident beam by values related to the emission or absorption energies of the atoms or molecules of the scattering material. This part is called Raman scattering. If the frequency {nu} of the incident light is varied, then the frequencies of the Raman scattered photons maintain constant frequency differences from {nu}, Wide Field-of-View (for system having more than one FOV), Zinc Sulphate (see Materials section)

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